Mechanical Methods

Technology

Applicant

Description of Technology

   STF Eligibility

AFVR

Aggressive Fluid Vapor Recovery (AFVR) uses a mobile vacuum truck to remove free product from groundwater.

   Yes

Dual Phase Extraction

Uses a pump to extract groundwater and soil vapors simultaneously from recovery wells.  Contaminated water is then treated by conventional methods.

   Yes

Hydraulic Fracturing

Uses high pressure water and sand to cut a disk-shaped cavern into a saturated media to enhance permeability.

   Site-specific        consideration

MPE or MMPE

Multi-phase extraction uses a vacuum system to remove various combinations of contaminated groundwater, free product (LNAPL), and vapors from the subsurface. The system lowers the water table around the well, exposing more of the formation. Contaminants in the newly exposed vadose zone are then accessible to vapor extraction. Once above ground, the extracted vapors or liquid-phase organics and ground water are separated and treated.  Mobile Multi-Phase Extraction (MMPE) uses a vacuum truck to do this, typically for 96 hours.

   Yes

Radio Frequency (RF) Heating

Rods driven into contaminated soil emit radio waves that generate heat and volatize hydrocarbons.

   Yes

Recirculating wells

Uses large diameter wells to remove VOCs by recirculating contaminated groundwater while the negative pressure of the SVE volatilizes (strips) VOCs in water & soil.

   Considered          case by case

Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE)

Uses a vacuum pump to extract vapors (VOCs) by volatilization from unsaturated soils, also promotes biodegradation.  This technique can also be used to remove free product from the water table.

   Yes

SPPRS

Uses water displacement to overcome the head inside a well that forces free product to collect in a skimmer/canister, requires no power source.

   Yes

SVE/IAS

Uses vacuum extraction from the unsaturated zone & air injection of the saturated zone (volatilizes & biodegrades hydrocarbons)

   Yes

Vacuum-Sparge

Uses vacuum to induce a negative pressure on multiple wells while raising the water table to promote bubbling in the groundwater (i.e., soil gas is extracted from the wells).

   Yes

Chemical Methods

Bioremediation by injecting air, oxygenates or nutrients.

Providing oxygen or nutrients to existing microbes in the subsurface.  Anything other than air injected into the subsurface will require evaluation and approval from the Underground Injection Control permitting section.

   Considered          case by case.

Bioremediation using lab-cultured microbes

Using lab cultured microbes to degrade petroleum products in-situ (requires injection).  This process will also require evaluation and approval from the Underground Injection Control permitting section.

   Considered          case by case.

Bioventing air injection

Low air flow rates (cfm) are INJECTED into unsaturated subsurface soils (enhances biodegradation)

   Yes, only on        soil stockpiles      (ex-situ)

Bioventing air extraction

Low air flow rates (cfm) are EXTRACTED from the unsaturated subsurface soils (volatilizes & biodegrades hydrocarbons)

   Yes

EAS^TM

Electron Acceptor Solution

(or similar)

EOS Remediation, LLC

EAS^TM is a patented, sulfate-enhanced anaerobic bioremediation process engineered for in situ treatment of petroleum hydrocarbons in the aquifer and capillary zone.  An Underground Injection Control permit would be required prior to use.

   Yes

iSOC

(or similar)

inVentures Technologies

iSOC®  (in-situ Submerged Oxygen Curtain) is a patented oxygen delivery technology that infuses high levels of oxygen into groundwater when suspended in monitoring wells. The proprietary structured polymer used in iSOC® contains hydrophobic microporous hollow fibers.

   Yes

Matrix Oxygen Injection System

(or similar)

Matrix Environmental Technologies, Inc.

Matrix Oxygen Injection Process is a patented oxygen delivery technology that produces pure oxygen from compressed air for pulse injection into groundwater.

   Yes

Natural Oil Vanish

Uses composted poultry waste with added microbes to enhance bioremediation of contaminated soil.

   Yes, only on        soil stockpiles      (ex-situ)

Oil Gator Bioremediation Product

Mixes modified cellulosic fibers, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and indigenous bacteria with ex-situ contaminated soils

   Yes, only on        soil stockpiles      (ex-situ)

Oxygen Releasing Compound (ORC)

Regenesis

Uses a media placed in groundwater wells or open excavations to increase dissolved oxygen in groundwater, thus enhancing natural attenuation.

   Considered          Case by Case

Ozone Injection

H2O Engineering, Inc.

In-situ chemical oxidation using ozone. 

   Yes

Soil bioremediation

Treats contaminated soil ex-situ by mixing soil with nutrients and stockpiling (hydrocarbons are biodegraded).  Typical of land application.

   Yes

Surfactants

Surfactants are used to reduce surface tension and break down hydrocarbons to enhance biodegradation and accelerate recovery.

   Yes

Trap and Treat® using BOS 200®

(or similar)

AST and RPI

Traps contaminants via adsorption onto activated carbon and subsequently treats them via biological degradation within the BOS 200® matrix as the product incorporates both aerobic and anaerobic biological processes.  BOS 200® contains microbes and nutrients, including phosphorus and nitrogen, and electron acceptors (nitrate, ammonia and sulfate).

   Yes